Final answer:
The upstream social determinants of health (SDoH) refer to the social and economic factors that impact health outcomes. Measurement and monitoring of these determinants can provide knowledge that is missing by identifying areas of inequality and informing policy interventions to address them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The upstream social determinants of health (SDoH) refer to the social and economic factors that impact health outcomes. These determinants include factors such as education, income, employment, housing, and social support networks. Braveman et al (2011) focus on these upstream determinants and how they affect health disparities.
The measurement and monitoring of these determinants can provide knowledge that is missing by identifying areas of inequality and informing policy interventions to address them. For example, by collecting data on income disparities and educational attainment, policymakers can develop targeted strategies to improve these determinants and ultimately improve health outcomes.
Overall, understanding and addressing the upstream social determinants of health are crucial in reducing health disparities and promoting health equity.