Final answer:
In the study of syntax, isolatable components in a sentence or phrase are called constituents. These are the integral building blocks of sentence structure and include elements like nouns, verbs, and phrases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Isolatable components in a larger sentence or phrase are referred to as constituents. This term is used in the study of syntax, a subfield of linguistics which deals with the structure of sentences. A sentence or phrase is a combination of words which conveys a significant meaning, and these meanings can depend on the functions and relationships of their constituents. These constituents, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and phrases, form the building blocks of a sentence's structure. For instance, in the sentence 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog,' 'the quick brown fox' and 'over the lazy dog' act as constituents which together make up the larger sentence structure.