Final answer:
An element is a substance made up of identical atoms, the smallest unit of which retains the element's properties. Elements form compounds through chemical bonds, and atoms, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, follow the rules of quantum mechanics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Element
An element is a chemical substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any ordinary chemical means. The fundamental building block of an element is the atom, which is the smallest unit that retains the unique properties of that element. For example, an atom of hydrogen represents the element hydrogen, and it is the smallest amount of hydrogen that can exist with its chemical properties intact.
Compounds and Mixtures
Elements rarely exist in their pure form in nature; instead, they combine to form compounds. A compound is created when two or more elements are chemically bonded, such as glucose, which is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in specific ratios. On the other hand, a mixture consists of different elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can retain their individual properties.
Atoms and Subatomic Particles
Within an element, all atoms are identical. These atoms are made up of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms can interact through various bonds and forces including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals interactions. These interactions are fundamental in the formation of molecules and compounds. The atom’s size is incredibly small, typically around 100 picometers, and its behavior is best described using principles of quantum mechanics.