Final answer:
Milstein, Kohler, and Jerne made significant contributions to the field of immunology, specifically in the development of monoclonal antibodies. They revolutionized diagnostics, therapeutics, and scientific research.
Step-by-step explanation:
Milstein, Kohler, and Jerne made significant contributions to the field of immunology. They were involved in the development of monoclonal antibodies, which are highly specific antibodies that can be used to target and identify specific molecules in the body. These antibodies have revolutionized diagnostics, therapeutics, and scientific research.
Georges J.F. Köhler and César Milstein were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 for their discovery of how to produce monoclonal antibodies. They developed a technique using hybridoma cells, which are created by fusing a cancerous plasma cell with a normal antibody-producing cell. This allowed the production of large quantities of identical antibodies.
Niels K. Jerne made important contributions to the theory of antibody formation. He proposed the idea of the network theory of antibody formation, which suggests that the immune system can produce a vast variety of antibodies by a combination of different gene segments. His contributions greatly advanced our understanding of how the immune system works.