Final answer:
Insulin and glucagon are the hormones involved in the regulation of serum glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon increases them. Type 1 diabetes is due to the lack of insulin production, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormones involved in the regulation of serum glucose levels are insulin and glucagon. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and helps to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells. Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
Insulin is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels, such as after a meal, to help bring glucose levels back to normal. Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels, such as during fasting or exercise, to increase glucose availability for the body.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body becomes less responsive to the effects of insulin.
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