Final answer:
Copper is essential for the formation of hemoglobin and collagen, with roles in iron absorption, iron transport, and connective tissue integrity. A deficiency can impair hemoglobin synthesis and lead to issues like organ damage and weakened bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Copper is a trace mineral that plays a vital role in several physiological functions within the body, specifically in relation to hemoglobin synthesis and the integrity of connective tissues. Copper is a component of plasma proteins such as hephaestin and ceruloplasmin, which are essential for the proper formation of hemoglobin; hephaestin aids in the absorption of iron in the intestines, while ceruloplasmin is involved in transporting copper in the body. Both proteins enable the oxidation of iron, which is critical for its binding to transferrin and subsequent transport to body cells. Furthermore, copper is necessary for collagen production and contributes to the synthesis of elastin.
In copper deficiency, the synthesis of hemoglobin is impaired due to reduced transport of iron, leading to its accumulation in tissues, potentially resulting in organ damage. Additionally, a lack of copper can lead to issues with bone formation and the maintenance of myelin sheath integrity.