Question

OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD FLOW: Blood is obstructed from flowing OUT of the heart, causing back flow of blood into _______and causing _______Heart Failure.

Defects include:
1. Coarctation of the ______(COA)
2. Aortic_____ (AS)
3. ______Stenosis (PS)
MIXED BLOOD FLOW (CYANOTIC) :
There is a MIXING of ______and deoxygenated blood resulting in DESATURATED blood being circulated to the body. This causes Pulmonary _____And DECREASED Cardiac Output. Defects Include:
1. Transposition of the Vessels ________(TGA)
2. Total______ pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)
3. ______arteriosus (TA)
4. ______Left Heart (HLH)

Answer 1

A patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close, causing a backflow of blood into the pulmonary trunk. This leads to increased pulmonary pressure and difficult respiration. Symptoms include shortness of breath, tachycardia, and enlarged heart.

Step-by-step explanation:

A patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close. The condition may range from severe to benign. Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close results in blood flowing from the higher pressure aorta into the lower pressure pulmonary trunk. This additional fluid moving toward the lungs increases pulmonary pressure and makes respiration difficult. Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), tachycardia, enlarged heart, a widened pulse pressure, and poor weight gain in infants. Treatments include surgical closure (ligation), manual closure using platinum coils or specialized mesh inserted via the femoral artery or vein, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to block the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which maintains the vessel in an open position. If untreated, the condition can result in congestive heart failure.