Final answer:
The correct answer is A. Residuals. In regression analysis, residuals are the estimates of the true error in a regression (observed error). They are calculated as the difference between the actual values of the response variable and the predicted values obtained from the regression model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is A. Residuals.
In regression analysis, residuals are the estimates of the true error in a regression (observed error). They are calculated as the difference between the actual values of the response variable and the predicted values obtained from the regression model.
For example, if we have a regression equation y = mx + b, where y is the response variable, x is the predictor variable, m is the slope, and b is the y-intercept, the residuals can be calculated as the difference between the actual y-values and the predicted y-values for each corresponding x-value.