Final answer:
The social system that attempted to define and control sex is Patriarchy, where power is predominantly in the hands of men. U.S. attitudes towards sex are considered conservative, different from Sweden which is very liberal. Meritocracy is the system that allows the most social mobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The social system that tried to define and control sex is c) Patriarchy. Patriarchy is a system of social inequality based on gender where men are typically in power and characteristics associated with femininity are less valued. This system has been historically linked with the male lineage and men holding more political, social, and economic power or prestige.
Contemporary forms of patriarchy are often connected back to the European development of capitalism in the 1600s. In these times, as economic activities moved out of households and into factories and offices, women were generally confined to the private sphere of family life, fulfilling nurturing roles as wives and mothers, whereas men dominated both private and public spheres.
In the context of U.S. sexual attitudes, compared to most Western societies, the United States is considered a) conservative. From a sociological standpoint, sexuality is associated with d) a person's capacity for sexual feelings rather than simply heterosexuality or homosexuality or being reduced to biological factors. When discussing theoretical perspectives on societal institutions and behaviors, functionalism stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability, making a) Functionalism the correct answer for that question.
Looking at social systems and mobility, c) Meritocracy is identified as the system that allows for the most social mobility, as it is a system where advancement is based on individual abilities or achievement. In contrast, systems like caste, monarchy, and class often have more rigid social structures that can limit mobility.
Regarding attitudes toward sex globally, b) Sweden is typically thought to be the most liberal in comparison to the United States. Lastly, among economic systems like capitalism, socialism, and communism, socialism advocates for public ownership and management of goods and resources, with the state controlling basic resources to some degree, allowing for some level of private property ownership.