Final answer:
c) Means end analysis
Means-end analysis is a heuristic used to compare the current state with the goal state and find means to reduce the difference, aiding in problem-solving.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heuristic that describes thinking about the difference between the initial state and the goal state is c) Means end analysis. This heuristic is a problem-solving strategy where the problem solver evaluates the current state and the goal state, then finds the means to reduce the difference between the two.
It is often used in various problem-solving scenarios, including computer algorithms and artificial intelligence, to systematically work towards a solution by breaking down the problem into smaller, more manageable parts.