Final answer:
Inductive reasoning uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion, while deductive reasoning uses general principles to predict specific results. Scientists use both types of reasoning to advance scientific knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It involves formulating generalizations based on evidence gathered from careful observation and analysis of data. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. Scientists use both inductive and deductive reasoning to advance scientific knowledge.