Final answer:
A mesocycle or microcycle divides a training plan into monthly cycles, with microcycles being weekly schedules and mesocycles spanning weeks to months for systematic training progression. The correct answer is option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
A mesocycle or microcycle, divides a training plan into specified monthly cycles. The correct answer is A) Microcycle, Mesocycle. In periodized training programs, a microcycle typically refers to a weekly training schedule, while a mesocycle is composed of multiple microcycles and usually ranges from several weeks to a couple of months.
These cycles are structured to allow for systematic progression in training, helping an athlete or individual improve in their specific sport or fitness goals. The correct answer is option A.