Final answer:
Melphalan is associated with significant reduction in blood cell counts, which can lead to various side effects including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, severe blood damage, hemorrhage, and fatalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug commonly used in the treatment of cancer. The main dose-limiting toxicity associated with melphalan is significant reduction in blood cell counts, which can lead to complications such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, severe blood damage, hemorrhage, and even fatalities. Additionally, melphalan may cause temporary sterility, with an impact of 0.35 for women and 0.50 for men.