Final answer:
The regulations that must be followed for a government-funded research study are set forth by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), which oversees the protection of human subjects in research. The DHHS enforces compliance with ethical guidelines through Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at research institutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you are working on a government-funded research study, the regulations you will be required to follow most directly come from the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This governmental body oversees federal regulations related to research studies, aiming to protect participants. The DHHS, through the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), enforces regulations for research involving human subjects, ensuring that risks to participants are minimized and that informed consent is obtained. Although agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and programs such as the Bioresearch Monitoring Program (BIMO) do play roles in the regulation and oversight of research, the overarching regulations that federally funded research must adhere to are set forth by the DHHS. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at research institutions are responsible for ensuring compliance with these guidelines, which include rigorous review of proposed research to secure ethical treatment of participants.