Final answer:
Self Psychology is a theory focused on the development of the self, positing that a lack of adequate mirroring, idealization, and twinship needs can lead to adult pathopsychology. This contrasts with Freud's emphasis on psychosexual stages, underscoring the importance of interpersonal relationships in shaping adult personality and the self.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self Psychology is a theory that was developed as part of the psychoanalytic psychology tradition. Its primary focus is on the development of the self and how this process can shape the behavior of adults, where disruptions or failures in the development of the self can result in pathopsychology in adulthood. This theory explains adult pathopsychology by suggesting that disturbances in the development of the self-concept and the quality of the self-object relations during the formative years can lead to a range of psychological issues in adulthood.
The theory posits that the self is maintained through relationships with others that provide mirroring, idealization, and twinship needs. When these needs are not met adequately, self-esteem issues can emerge, leading to psychological disorders. This concept contrasts with Freud's emphasis on psychosexual stages, as Self Psychology places a greater emphasis on interpersonal relationships and the nurturing environment in shaping adult personality.
For instance, adults who experienced a lack of mirroring in childhood—where caregivers did not reflect their sense of worth and achievements—may develop narcissistic traits or problems related to the regulation of self-esteem. This contributes to our understanding of various adult psychopathologies, where early relational experiences are vital in the human self-development process.