Final answer:
The Philadelphia chromosome can be detected by PCR analysis, FISH, and Southern blotting, which use different methods of amplifying or visualizing specific DNA sequences associated with the chromosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Philadelphia chromosome can be detected using several techniques, but the most appropriate methods among those listed are PCR analysis, FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization), and Southern blotting. PCR can amplify specific DNA segments of interest for further analysis. FISH uses fluorescent probes that can bind to specific DNA sequences within the chromosomes, allowing for visualization of the Philadelphia chromosome under a fluorescent microscope. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments onto a nylon membrane after electrophoresis, which are then probed with specific labeled sequences to detect the presence of particular DNA segments, such as the fusion gene associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.
However, it's important to understand that each technique has its specific application and one may be more suitable than the other depending on various factors such as the type of sample, the information needed, and the resources available. For example, ELISA is not included in this list as it is typically used for detecting proteins, not genetic material.