Final answer:
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development comprises eight stages that influence an individual's emotional growth and shape their personality throughout their lifespan. Each stage centers on a critical conflict that, when successfully resolved, leads to a sense of competence. Mastery of these stages results in a healthy personality, while failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychologist Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a comprehensive explanation of human growth that occurs throughout the lifespan. This theory consists of eight stages, each centered on a psychosocial conflict that must be resolved in order for individuals to develop a sense of competence and a healthy personality. The stages delineate how we interact with others and form our ego identity, taking into account the social nature of human development.
- Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 18 months): Establishing trust in caregivers and the environment.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years): Developing a sense of personal control and independence.
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 5 years): Gaining initiative in planning and undertaking activities.
- Industry vs. Inferiority (5 to 12 years): Mastering social and academic skills.
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Forming a personal identity and sense of self.
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood): Establishing intimate relationships and commitment.
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood): Contributing to society and helping the next generation.
- Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood): Reflecting on life and feeling a sense of fulfillment.
Each stage plays a crucial role in an individual's emotional and psychosocial development, influencing their interactions and relationships throughout their life. Failure to successfully navigate these stages can lead to feelings of inadequacy, while mastery fosters a well-adjusted personality.