Final answer:
The four senses used to obtain information include hearing, sight, smell, and touch. These senses, along with others such as taste and balance, relay environmental stimuli as electrical signals to the nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four senses typically used to obtain information about a client's environment include hearing, sight, smell, and touch. Humans also have additional senses, such as taste, balance (vestibular), temperature (thermoception), and pain (nociception). Sensory systems convert a stimulus into an electrical signal in the nervous system, a process known as sensory transduction. For example, when we see, light is converted to electrical signals by the retina, and when we hear, sound waves are transduced into nerve impulses in the cochlea. Similarly, touch involves different mechanoreceptors in the skin responding to various stimuli such as pressure, vibration, and temperature, while smell is the response to odor molecules binding to receptors in the olfactory epithelium.