Final answer:
The correct answer to the student's question is option a) Longwave radiation; Shortwave radiation, with Earth emitting longwave terrestrial radiation and the Sun emitting shortwave solar radiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earth's radiation is known as a. longwave radiation, whereas the Sun's energy is referred to as shortwave radiation. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is: a) Longwave radiation; Shortwave radiation.
Solar radiation, or electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, comes in various types such as X-rays, ultraviolet light, and visible light. The terrestrial radiation is the energy re-radiated back into space from Earth, primarily in the form of heat with longer wavelengths compared to the Sun's radiation.