Final answer:
The majority of Earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, thus the correct option is c.
Explanation:
Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the planet and plays a crucial role in sustaining life. It is made up of various gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. However, only one gas makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere, which is nitrogen. According to research, nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere, followed by oxygen at 21%. The remaining 1% is made up of trace gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Nitrogen is a colorless and odorless gas that is essential for life on Earth. It is a non-reactive gas, which means it does not easily combine with other elements. This characteristic makes it ideal for maintaining a stable atmosphere. Nitrogen is also a critical component of proteins and DNA, which are essential for the growth and development of living organisms.
The abundance of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere is a result of its production by certain types of bacteria in the soil. These bacteria are able to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form that plants can use. This process is known as nitrogen fixation and is crucial for the growth of plants and ultimately for the survival of other living organisms.
Furthermore, nitrogen plays a vital role in regulating Earth's climate. It helps to control the Earth's temperature by absorbing and releasing heat. Without nitrogen, the Earth's temperature would be too extreme to support life. Additionally, nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants, which are the primary producers in the food chain. Therefore, the abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere is crucial for maintaining a balanced and sustainable ecosystem.
In conclusion, the majority of Earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen (c). This gas is essential for sustaining life on Earth and plays a crucial role in regulating the planet's climate. Its abundance is a result of its production by bacteria and its non-reactive nature, making it an ideal component of the Earth's atmosphere, thus the correct option is c.