Final answer:
B cell lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow, and upon antigen binding, replicate to form plasma cells and memory cells through clonal selection, playing a key role in the adaptive immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement refers to a B cell lymphocyte which is a type of white blood cell that matures in the bone marrow. When a B cell lymphocyte binds to an antigen, it is induced to replicate, and through a process known as the clonal selection, a group of identical cells, or 'clones', is produced. These clones differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells. Plasma cells are responsible for secreting antibodies that help fight off pathogens, whereas memory cells retain the knowledge of the pathogen and provide immunity, allowing for a more rapid response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. This process is integral to the adaptive immune response.