Final answer:
Following the foul strike rule in 1903, baseball maintained its popularity despite scandals, and the rule change contributed to quicker, more challenging games. College football's popularity surged with iconic rivalries and games, and basketball was invented, offering a safer, indoor alternative sport.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the foul strike rule was introduced in 1903, several changes occurred in the landscape of American sports. Baseball retained its status as the nation's most popular sport. The foul strike rule itself made baseball games quicker and more challenging for batters, as foul balls were counted as strikes, which consequently reduced the number of pitches a batter could foul off. This change likely contributed to the sport's enduring appeal and continued development. Meanwhile, baseball's popularity endured through scandals, such as the infamous 1919 Black Sox Scandal where the Chicago White Sox were accused of throwing the World Series. In contrast, other sports also saw significant developments during this period. For instance, horse racing was dominated by African Americans, but soon encountered segregationist policies. Despite the challenges, African American athletes like cyclist Marshall Taylor and jockey Isaac Murphy became famous, although most were excluded from major sports competitions.
At the same time, football, and specifically college football, grew in popularity. By 1902, college football started challenging baseball's dominance in the sports scene due to legendary college rivalries and games like the first Rose Bowl. Like baseball, football underwent significant rule changes, such as the introduction of the forward pass which reduced injuries and changed the pace and strategy of the game. Lastly, during this period, James Naismith invented basketball, offering a less injury-prone sport that could be played indoors, which eventually led to its growth in popularity, especially in the college scene.