Final answer:
Akhenaten, with his brief establishment of monotheism in Egypt, is the figure whose beliefs were most similar to Abraham's, despite differences in religious structures and practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
You asked which ancient Egyptian leader had beliefs most similar to those of the prophet Abraham. The most pertinent figure in Ancient Egypt in terms of monotheistic belief akin to Abraham's would be the pharaoh Akhenaten. Akhenaten is known for establishing a form of monotheism in Egypt, centered on the worship of a single god, Aten, the sun disk. This religious reform during the 14th century BCE, albeit short-lived, appears as a significant departure from the traditional polytheistic Egyptian religion to a form of monotheism, which resonates with Abraham's intense commitment to the worship of one God. However, the societal structure of Akhenaten's religion made the pharaoh and his queen intermediaries between the people and Aten, which differs from the direct covenant between Abraham and God as depicted in Abrahamic faiths.