Final answer:
Nebhepetra Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty established Thebes as his capital, significantly contributing to its cultural and religious development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mentuhotep I was a Theban prince from the Eleventh Dynasty who is often credited with the earlier part of the dynasty's history. However, it is Mentuhotep II, also known as Nebhepetra Mentuhotep, who is most notable for reuniting Egypt and establishing Thebes as his dynastic capital. He is celebrated for his mortuary complex at Thebes, and for the expansion and decoration of the temple of Amun at Karnak. Thebes was thus not only a political capital but also a religious and cultural center.