Final answer:
The type of devolution in Ireland and Great Britain involves the transfer of power from the UK central government to regional governments and the independence of the Republic of Ireland. The UK regions of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own parliaments with varying degrees of autonomy. Cultural identity and heritage play a significant role in the devolutionary forces within these regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of devolution in Ireland and Great Britain represents the granting of powers from the central government of the United Kingdom to the governments of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the establishment of the independent Republic of Ireland.
After the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, the twenty-six southern counties of Ireland formed the Irish Free State with dominion status, while six northern counties voted to remain part of the United Kingdom resulting in the partitioning of Ireland. Over time, the Irish Free State evolved into the Republic of Ireland with total independence from the United Kingdom.
In the United Kingdom, devolution has led to the creation of separate parliaments in Scotland and Wales, each with varying degrees of autonomy. Wales, for instance, declared a separate parliament in Cardiff with a degree of local autonomy, although it still remains dependent on the United Kingdom for national and foreign affairs. The Northern Ireland Assembly was established as a result of efforts to mitigate conflict and govern Northern Ireland, representing another instance of devolution within the UK.
The devolutionary forces also underline cultural and linguistic distinctions in regions such as Wales, where the Welsh language endures, and in Northern Ireland, where there are differing national allegiances among its people. These forces have prompted efforts to retain local heritage and pursue a degree of independence within or from the United Kingdom.
The continued existence and power of the UK parliament and rulings such as those from the seat of government in Southern England indicate that while devolution has granted regional autonomy, the UK maintains overall sovereignty.