Final answer:
Flat bones that contain spongy bone include the sternum, ribs, scapulae, and the roof of the skull. Spongy bone, also known as diploë, is surrounded by compact bone in these structures, enhancing their protective role and ability to absorb impacts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Examples of Flat Bones Containing Spongy Bone
Flat bones are unique structures in the skeleton that serve two major functions: providing protection for internal organs and serving as sites for muscle attachment. These bones typically consist of two layers of compact bone surrounding a middle layer known as diploë, which is a spongy bone tissue. The presence of spongy bone in flat bones enhances their protective function by allowing them to absorb impacts more effectively while also aiding in the production of blood cells through the bone marrow housed within.
Examples of flat bones where spongy bone is found include the sternum (or breastbone), which protects vital organs within the chest such as the heart and lungs. The ribs also contain spongy bone and protect the chest cavity. The scapulae (shoulder blades) and the roof of the skull are additional examples, both providing protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachment. These flat bones, due to their structure with the spongy bone, are resilient against fractures and provide crucial protection.