Final answer:
The geographical feature off the coast of Massachusetts Bay Colony, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut is Long Island.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geographical feature located off the coast of Massachusetts Bay Colony, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut is Long Island (C). Long Island is an elongated island in the southeast part of New York State, stretching eastward from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean.
This feature is not as expansive as the Great Lakes or mountain ranges like the Appalachian Mountains or the Rocky Mountains. Long Island acts as a barrier island to the southern coast of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, including the Massachusetts Bay Colony area.