Final Answer:
The statement "Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA" is not true. Histones, which are proteins that help organize and package DNA in the cell nucleus, are found in both archaea and eukaryotes. Bacteria generally lack histones, but archaea do have histone-like proteins that perform a similar function in DNA compaction. Therefore, the correct answer is:Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA. option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
Histones are proteins that play a crucial role in the packaging and organization of DNA within the cell. In eukaryotic cells, which include plants, animals, fungi, and protists, histones are present and help form structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes consist of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, creating a condensed and organized chromatin structure.
Bacteria, which are prokaryotes, generally lack histones. Instead, bacterial DNA is typically organized by other proteins and structures. This is the basis for the statement "Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA" being incorrect.
Archaea, another domain of single-celled microorganisms, were initially thought to lack histones as well. However, subsequent research has revealed that archaea have histone-like proteins that serve a similar function to eukaryotic histones. These proteins help in the compaction and organization of archaeal DNA. Therefore, the corrected statement is that histones (or histone-like proteins) associated with DNA are not exclusive to bacteria; they are also found in archaea and eukaryotes.