Final answer:
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, where the brain controls mental and physical processes, and the spinal cord transmits messages to and from the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Makes Up the Central Nervous System?
The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of two critical components: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain functions as the control center for the nervous system and is responsible for handling virtually all mental and physical processes. It is made up of three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. Meanwhile, the spinal cord acts as a conduit for messages between the body and the brain, facilitating communication within the body. The central nervous system is distinct from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves that branch out from the CNS and extend to other parts of the body.
The brain is protected by the skull, whereas the spinal cord is safeguarded by a series of bones called vertebrae. Together, these structures operate in unison to control and coordinate body functions and responses to the environment.