Final answer:
Slope affects the balance between surface runoff and water infiltration into the ground by influencing the speed of water flow and the ability of the ground to absorb water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The slope of the land has a significant impact on the balance between surface runoff and water infiltration into the ground. Steeper slopes generally result in more surface runoff and less water infiltration, while flatter slopes allow for more infiltration and less surface runoff.
When the slope is steep, gravity causes water to flow downhill quickly, resulting in more runoff. This can lead to erosion and limited soil development. In contrast, flatter slopes allow water to seep into the ground, promoting infiltration and soil moisture.
For example, on a steep slope, rainwater will flow down quickly, forming streams and rivers. On a flat slope, rainwater will soak into the ground more slowly, replenishing groundwater and supporting plant growth.