Final answer:
The agreement discussed in the background information is the Nazi-Soviet Pact (German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact), signed by Germany and the USSR in 1939. It included terms of non-aggression and secret clauses for the division of Poland between the two countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Before World War II, a significant agreement occurred between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. While there was an expectation that the question refers to the Catholic Church and Nazi Germany, it appears to be referencing an entirely different agreement—specifically, the Nazi-Soviet Pact or the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact signed on August 23, 1939. Under this pact, both nations, led by Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin respectively, agreed to take no military action against each other for the next ten years. The broader intent for Germany was to avoid a two-front war while planning for the invasion of Poland, and for the Soviet Union it was to secure eastern Polish territories and establish a buffer zone against German expansion. This secret pact included a protocol that divided Poland between the two nations, thus facilitating the eventual invasion of Poland from both the west and the east, which effectively marked the beginning of World War II.
Focusing on the intent of the question, it's worth mentioning that an agreement between the Catholic Church and Nazi Germany did indeed exist, which was the Reichskonkordat signed in 1933. However, this is not the subject highlighted in the provided background information.