Final answer:
Chemotherapy agents like cisplatin, methotrexate, and doxorubicin often require dose adjustments for patients with a history of acute renal failure due to their potential nephrotoxic effects and renal clearance mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin, methotrexate, and doxorubicin might require a dose adjustment for a patient with a history of acute renal failure. These drugs are known to have renal toxicities and are excreted through the kidneys, necessitating careful consideration of kidney function before administering them to patients with compromised renal function.
Cisplatin is especially known for its nephrotoxic effects, and its dosage must often be modified in patients with existing renal impairment. Methotrexate is excreted primarily by the kidneys and can accumulate in patients with renal dysfunction, increasing the risk of toxicity. Therefore, dosing adjustments or even avoidance of the drug may be needed. Additionally, doxorubicin has been associated with renal impairment, and its dosing may need to be modified based on the patient's renal function status.
Prior to the administration of chemotherapy, healthcare providers assess renal function through tests such as serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to determine appropriate dosing and to mitigate the risk of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Depending on the severity of renal impairment, a reduced dose or an alternative chemotherapy regimen may be recommended to ensure patient safety.