Final answer:
Informed consent is a process where the participant, not the researcher, makes the final decision after being fully informed about the study's details, risks, and benefits. The researcher's role is to ensure the participant understands and comprehends this information.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of research and medical procedures, informed consent is a critical ethical and legal requirement. The statement that does not apply to informed consent is 'The researcher is the one who makes the final decision on treatment for the patient.' This statement is false because informed consent means that the individual has been given all relevant information regarding the study and it is the participant who makes the final decision on whether to proceed with the treatment or partake in the research, exercising their autonomy. Informed consent mandates that the researcher must: Provide all appropriate information to the subject. Help the subject understand all the information provided. Ensure that the subject comprehends what is being explained. Participants are entitled to know about the potential risks and benefits of the research and have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. This process respects the principle of autonomy and protects participants from exploitation.