Final answer:
The full description of nonmaleficence, in the context of ethics and medicine, primarily includes the principle that one ought not to inflict harm intentionally. It is rooted in the ethical maxim of doing no harm and stands separate from beneficence, which is an active promotion of good.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following are included in the full description of nonmaleficence:
- One ought to do or promote good.
- One ought to prevent harm.
- One ought not to inflict harm.
- All of the above.
Nonmaleficence is a principle that focuses on the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. It is often associated with the ethical principle in medicine and healthcare that dictates "first, do no harm." While the principle of beneficence focuses on doing good and actively promoting it, nonmaleficence is about avoiding and preventing harm. The correct answer to the question is C. One ought not to inflict harm. This answer is based on the definition that nonmaleficence specifically requires avoiding actions that cause harm. While preventing harm is closely related and often part of ethical consideration, the full description of nonmaleficence primarily emphasizes not inflicting harm.