Final answer:
Ophthalmology is the medical field dedicated to eye disorders, including surgical corrections like LASIK for myopia and hyperopia. It encompasses the physiology of the eye, vision correction, and treatment for various conditions, such as cataracts and bilateral hemianopia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Study and Practice of Pathological Conditions of the Eye
The study and practice concerned with pathological conditions of the eye is known as ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists are trained to diagnose, monitor, and medically or surgically treat all ocular and visual disorders. This includes issues like myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness), which can sometimes be corrected surgically using procedures like LASIK. LASIK involves using a laser to reshape the cornea, thus correcting the way light focuses on the retina and improving vision.
Understanding the physics of the eye is crucial in ophthalmology and visual sciences. Various conditions of the eye, such as cataracts or infections caused by bacteria or viruses, can impair vision. Treatments for these conditions range from corrective lenses to surgeries and medications.
Diseases such as bilateral hemianopia involve loss of lateral peripheral vision and can be caused by structural anomalies within the brain, like a growth of the pituitary gland pressing against the optic chiasm. These complex conditions highlight the intersection of eye physiology and neurological systems in ophthalmic studies.