Final answer:
The twelve cranial nerves and their functions are: Olfactory - smell, Optic - vision, Oculomotor - eye movement, Trochlear - eye muscle movement, Trigeminal - facial sensation and chewing, Abducens - eye muscle movement, Facial - facial expression, taste, tear production, Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance, Glossopharyngeal - taste, swallowing, salivation, Vagus - control of heart, lung, and digestive system, Spinal Accessory - neck and shoulder movements, and Hypoglossal - tongue movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The twelve cranial nerves in humans are:
1. Olfactory Nerve (CN I): Sensory nerve responsible for smell.
2. Optic Nerve (CN II): Sensory nerve responsible for vision.
3. Oculomotor Nerve (CN III): Motor nerve responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction.
4. Trochlear Nerve (CN IV): Motor nerve responsible for superior oblique eye muscle movement.
5. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Mixed nerve responsible for facial sensation and chewing movements.
6. Abducens Nerve (CN VI): Motor nerve responsible for lateral rectus eye muscle movement.
7. Facial Nerve (CN VII): Mixed nerve responsible for facial expression, taste, and tear production.
8. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII): Sensory nerve responsible for hearing and balance.
9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX): Mixed nerve responsible for taste, swallowing, and salivation.
10. Vagus Nerve (CN X): Mixed nerve responsible for heart, lung, and digestive system control.
11. Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI): Motor nerve responsible for neck and shoulder movements.
12. Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII): Motor nerve responsible for tongue movement.