Final answer:
Many women who have experienced female genital alteration report adverse sexual health outcomes, including sexual pain and reduced libido, with significant variation in individual experiences. They also face stigma and psychological impact, and there has historically been a lack of effective treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Women who have undergone female genital alteration, also known as female genital mutilation or cutting, often report a range of adverse sexual health outcomes. Experiences can vary widely, but common reports include sexual pain, decreased libido, urethritis, dysuria, and complications such as obstetric fistula — a severe childbirth injury leading to chronic incontinence and stigmatization. These conditions can have a profound impact on a woman's sexual function and mental health. Culture and societal perceptions also play significant roles in shaping the experiences of these women. Furthermore, treatments for female sexual dysfunctions have historically been limited, though efforts are being made to address these issues more effectively in recent years.