Final answer:
Anabolism is the process of combining small molecules to form larger, complex substances. It occurs during growth and recovery periods. Positive nitrogen balance is associated with anabolism, indicating that the body is retaining nitrogen for protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anabolism is the process by which smaller, simpler molecules are combined to form larger, more complex substances. It involves the synthesis of new molecules and is an energy-requiring process. An example of anabolism is the conversion of amino acids obtained from dietary proteins into new proteins in the body.
When a person is in an anabolic state, it means that their body is building and synthesizing molecules. This typically occurs during times of growth, such as during childhood and adolescence, when the body needs to build new tissues. It can also occur during periods of recovery after illness or injury, when the body is repairing damaged tissues.
Nitrogen balance is closely related to anabolism. In positive nitrogen balance, the intake of nitrogen (in the form of amino acids) is greater than the output through urine and feces. This indicates that the body is retaining nitrogen for protein synthesis and is in an anabolic state. Negative nitrogen balance, on the other hand, occurs when the output exceeds the intake, indicating that the body is breaking down protein for other purposes, such as energy production.