Final answer:
The European Council consists of EU member state leaders who set policy agendas for the EU, distinct from the Council of the European Union, which represents individual member interests. The EU is influential but faces challenges in enforcing regulations and dealing with member state compliance. The European Council, European Parliament, and European Commission have significant governance roles within the EU.
Step-by-step explanation:
The European Council is one of the central institutions of the European Union (EU), which consists of leaders of EU member states. They meet several times a year to set the EU's broad policy agenda and priorities. The European Council works in tandem with the European Parliament and is distinct from the Council of the European Union, which is more akin to the United Nations since it involves representatives of each member state defending their individual interests.
The EU is a supranational entity representing over 500 million people across 27 member countries after the exit of the United Kingdom, an event known as Brexit. It has significative influence over its member states, particularly through the adoption of the common currency, the euro, and the enforcement of strict environmental and economic regulations. Supranational organizations like the EU face challenges, such as those with member states' compliance or withdrawal from the union itself.
In addition to policy-making and setting priorities, the European Parliament, elected by EU citizens, along with the European Commission, which represents the EU internationally, implement EU legislation and administer EU funds. The European Council does not have 'ultimate control' in the EU, but it plays a crucial role in determining its direction and priorities. The European Commission and the European Parliament also have significant functions in the EU's governance structure.