Final answer:
The Greeks, led by the Spartans and Athenians, defeated the Persians at the Battle of Plataea and the Battle of Mycale in 479 BCE, leading to Persian withdrawal from Greece and inspiring further uprisings in Greek Anatolia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Following the surprise attack and the naval Battle of Salamis, the Greeks, under the leadership of Athens and Sparta, continued their resistance against the Persian invasion. The next year, in 479 BCE, the Greek coalition forces, spearheaded by Sparta's leadership, decisively defeated the Persians at the Battle of Plataea on land, and the Athenians triumphed at the Battle of Mycale at sea. This double victory prompted the Persians to eventually abandon their attempts to conquer Greece, leading to uprisings by the remaining Greek colonies in Anatolia. These events symbolized the resilience and unity of the disparate Greek city-states when faced with a common enemy, leading to a wave of Greek cosmopolitanism and a weakened sense of Greek superiority. Despite internal conflicts such as the Peloponnesian War, Greek poleis were thereafter more connected with the outside world and underwent significant social and political transformations.