Final answer:
Structural functionalism sees society as a stable system of interrelated parts, while conflict theory suggests society is marked by continuous conflict due to resource competition. The choice between these theories depends on the perspective and societal aspect considered.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing which theory better explains how societies operate, structural functionalism and conflict theory provide differing perspectives. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability, focusing on the societal institutions that meet the needs of individuals. In contrast, conflict theory, influenced by Marxism, argues that society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources, emphasizing the inherent inequalities within social structures and the resulting struggles between social groups.
Durkheim's functionalist view of society sees it as a cohesive unit where each component has a function that contributes to the society's overall stability and functionality. On the other hand, the conflict theorist view posits that societal structures are a product of ongoing tension and clashes among differing groups, primarily focused on the disparities in power, wealth, and status.
Sociologists use these paradigms to gain perspective and better understand the complex nature of government and power within society. Choosing which theory offers a more accurate explanation of societal dynamics depends on the context and specific aspects of society being examined.