Final answer:
Grace and truth came through Jesus Christ, representing a new Christian doctrine focused on spiritual salvation as opposed to the Mosaic Law's behavioral rules. Early Christians viewed Jesus as the spiritual messiah who fulfilled the Biblical Covenant, and the Protestant movement later emphasized the distinction between law and grace.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law was indeed given through Moses, as he was the prophet responsible for leading the Hebrews out of Egypt and establishing the Ten Commandments and other laws. In contrast to the Mosaic Law, which included specific rules of behavior for the Hebrews, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ, in the form of the new Christian law. This new Christian doctrine did not negate the importance of the laws given by Moses but emphasized a different aspect of God's relationship with humanity.
Early Christians understood Jesus Christ as the messiah, a spiritual liberator in contrast to the political liberator that was expected by many in Jewish society. The arrival of Jesus Christ and his teachings was seen as fulfilling the Biblical Covenant and offering a salvation that transcended the material world, focusing on the salvation of one's soul and the promise of eternal life.
In the artworks and theological debates of the time, such as the painting 'Allegory of Law and Grace', the distinction between the law and the grace offered through Christ was visually represented. Moreover, the spread of Protestantism, as championed by reformers like Martin Luther, further solidified the concept that while the law outlines the sin, it is the grace provided through Jesus Christ that offers the path to being saved.