Final answer:
The hormone responsible for stimulating bone growth and muscle tissue development is growth hormone (GH), synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland. It aids in protein synthesis, and carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and promotes an overall anabolic state in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anabolic hormone that stimulates bone growth and the development of muscle tissue through its effects on protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism is growth hormone (GH). Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, GH plays a crucial role in the hormonal regulation of growth, influencing the growth and replication of cells, particularly in skeletal muscle and bones. GH has both direct and indirect actions, including the stimulation of triglyceride breakdown and glycogen breakdown, resulting often in a glucose-sparing effect and a diabetogenic effect.
Growth hormone not only promotes protein synthesis and tissue building but also, based on Figure 17.10, accelerates the rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscles and bones. Another critical aspect of GH includes its ability to stimulate the release of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which supports the formation of new proteins in muscle cells and the strengthening of bone.