Final answer:
The people of France supported Napoleon because he was a hero of the French Revolution, introduced the Napoleonic Code, and created a merit-based society. His rule brought both military glory and administrative reforms, but also led to tyranny and continuous conflict, contributing to the rise of nationalism and his eventual downfall.
Step-by-step explanation:
Why Did the People of France Support Napoleon?
The people of France supported Napoleon for several reasons. Initially, he was seen as a hero of the French Revolution, who rose to prominence due to his military prowess. His Napoleonic Code was a major reform that embodied the principles of the Revolution, introducing legal equality and undermining the traditional nobility.
Thanks to the code and various other reforms, Napoleon was able to gain the support of the French middle classes who had benefited from these changes.
Positives and Drawbacks of Napoleon’s Rule
The positives of Napoleon’s rule included a centralized administrative system, a merit-based society rather than one based on birth, and the strengthening of France’s position in Europe. However, there were drawbacks, such as the eventual erosion of liberty through censorship, the establishment of a police state, and an endless pursuit of wars. These wars led to great losses and the decline of the French Empire, particularly with the catastrophic invasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon's expansionist policies also indirectly fostered nationalism across Europe.
Political Practices and the Military
Some political practices of Napoleon reflected those of a monarchy, like his assumption of the title Emperor of the French. The pros of France’s military under his leadership were the great victories that brought glory to France; the cons included the massive casualties and the unsustainable nature of continuous warfare. The Continental System, Napoleon's attempt to blockade Britain economically, was not successful as it was widely disobeyed and ultimately harmed France’s economy.
Aftermath of Napoleon’s Reign
The aftermath of Napoleon's reign saw the spread of the ideas of the Revolution and egalitarianism, despite the empire's obvious flaws. Napoleon’s practices challenged old monarchies and despite his fall, left a lasting impact on Europe. Debates about whether the benefits outweighed the costs of the French Revolution continue to this day, often focusing on the long-term political and social changes Napoleon enacted versus the immediate turmoil and strife.