Final answer:
The kidneys are held in place and protected by the renal fascia, the perirenal fat capsule, and the renal capsule. They are also slightly protected by the ribs and surrounded by fat.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kidneys are held in place and protected by several structures. The outermost layer surrounding the kidneys is called the renal fascia.
The perirenal fat capsule helps anchor the kidneys in place, and the renal capsule is the innermost layer. Additionally, the kidneys are slightly protected by the ribs and surrounded by fat for further protection.