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Which of the following are the three main methods of gene transfer in bacteria?

a. transduction
b. transformation
c. conjugation

User Jontejj
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1 Answer

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Final answer:

The three main methods of gene transfer in bacteria are transformation, transduction, and conjugation, each involving different mechanisms for DNA exchange. Therefore, all the answers are correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three primary mechanisms by which prokaryotes can exchange DNA are:

  • Transformation: In this process, a bacterial cell takes up n4ked DNA directly from its environment. This DNA may then remain separate, existing as a plasmid, or it can be incorporated into the bacterial host genome.
  • Transduction: During transduction, a virus, specifically a bacteriophage, transfers genes by injecting DNA into a bacterial cell. This DNA can be a combination of viral DNA and DNA from a previously infected bacterium.
  • Conjugation: This method involves the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another using a hollow tube, or pilus. After a sex pilus brings the two bacteria close enough, a mating bridge forms, allowing DNA to pass through.

Among these methods, conjugation is particularly notable for being a natural mechanism responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes within bacterial populations.

User JVDL
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