Final answer:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the hormone that stimulates the release of calcium ions from the bone matrix, by activating osteoclasts, increasing the absorption of dietary calcium, and minimizing calcium excretion by the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormone responsible for stimulating the release of calcium ions from the bone matrix is parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands when there is a decrease in blood calcium levels. The hormone's mechanism of action includes the activation of osteoclasts, which are bone-resorbing cells. These cells break down the bone matrix, releasing inorganic calcium-phosphate salts into the bloodstream. Moreover, PTH enhances calcium absorption in the digestive system by converting vitamin D into its active form, dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), which is necessary for the intestinal cells to absorb calcium. PTH also promotes the reabsorption of calcium from urine, preventing its excretion by the kidneys and maintaining calcium levels in the blood.