Final answer:
Nosocomial infections are hospital-acquired infections, systemic infections affect multiple body systems, and the chain of infection illustrates the transmission process. Work practices are behaviors to prevent infection spread. A disease can be infectious without being contagious, like tetanus. Iatrogenic diseases arise from medical procedures, while nosocomial infections are contracted in hospitals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in hospital settings, often due to pathogens present in the environment or transferred between patients and healthcare workers. These infections can be more challenging to treat due to the potential emergence of drug-resistant bacteria within healthcare facilities.
Systemic infections occur when a pathogen has spread throughout the body, typically through the bloodstream, affecting multiple organs and systems. Systemic infections can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.
The chain of infection refers to the process by which an infectious disease is transmitted. The stages include the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and the susceptible host.
Work practices in the context of infection control are the standard procedures and behaviors that healthcare workers follow to minimize the spread of infections, such as hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and sterilization of instruments.
A disease can be infectious but not contagious if it can cause disease within a host but is not easily transmitted to another host. An example is tetanus, which is caused by a bacterium found in soil and can infect a person through a wound but is not transmitted from person to person.
The difference between iatrogenic and nosocomial diseases lies in their origin. Iatrogenic diseases result directly from medical procedures or treatments, while nosocomial diseases are specifically acquired within hospital settings.