Answer:
Primary succession is the process of ecosystem development that occurs on a previously uninhabited or barren land. This type of succession begins with the establishment of pioneering species that can tolerate the harsh environmental conditions of the barren land. Over time, these species create conditions that allow for the growth and establishment of other species, eventually leading to the development of a mature ecosystem.
The formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off the southern coast of Iceland, is an example of primary succession. When the island first formed, it was barren and devoid of life. However, over time, pioneering species such as lichens and mosses were able to establish themselves on the island. These species slowly created conditions that allowed for the growth of other species, and eventually the island developed a mature ecosystem.
In contrast, the other options listed do not represent primary succession. Harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester does not result in the formation of a new ecosystem, and controlled burning does not create the conditions necessary for primary succession. The effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area also does not represent primary succession, as this disturbance does not result in the formation of a new ecosystem.
Step-by-step explanation: