Final answer:
The epidemiological triad applied to tuberculosis involves the interaction between the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the human host, and the environment. Public health surveillance for diabetes involves data collection, analysis, dissemination, action based on the data, and surveillance system evaluation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The epidemiological triad consists of three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Applying this to tuberculosis (TB), the agent would be the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the host is the human who may become infected, and the environment could be anywhere TB is likely to be transmitted, such as crowded living conditions.
Public health surveillance of diseases like diabetes mellitus involves several steps: first is the collection of data regarding new and existing cases; second, the data is analyzed to understand patterns; third, health officials disseminate this information to relevant parties; fourth, the data is used for public health action to control and prevent disease; and finally, surveillance systems are regularly evaluated and improved to ensure effectiveness.